End of Roman Republic- Beginning of the Roman Empire
27 B.C, Octavian takes the title of Augustus becoming the first emperor of Rome
First Roman Emperor
Caesar Augustus formally known as Octavian 27 B.C-14 A.D
Julius Caesar's adopted son and grand nephew
Accomplishments: 1) He created a network of roads around Rome, this is one of his greatest accomplishments because it helped with their communication with their other provinces in Rome, It improved the trade route making many roman merchants rich. It also moved armies faster around and through out Rome. 2) He took away all of the untrustworthy tax-collectors and appointed new tax-collectors that worked for the government. By doing this, he not only saved the commoners a lot of money from being cheated, he also stopped people from being angry and rebelling against their unfair ways of collecting taxes.
'Julius-Claudian Emperors' 14 B.C -68 A.D
1) Augustus
2) Tibernes
3) Caligula ( also known as Gaius)
4) Claudius
5) Nero
Year of Four Emperors' 68 A.D-69 A.D
Emperor Galba- After Nero died Galba declared himself as emperor of Rome
Emperor Otho- Turned on his friend Nero and killed him, so for a while, Otho was emperor of Rome but he was assassinated
Emperor Vitellius - Almost immediately, after Galba declared himself emperor, a man named Vitellius, a governor of Northern Germany came to Rome Otho was there and fought him but lost so Vitellius became the emperor and was assassinated
Emperor Vespasian- Vespasian was a man from West Asia who appointed by the people, his friends fought Vitellius and he was killed so Vespasian became emperor
'Year of the Five Emperors' 193 A.D-194 A.D
Emperor Perinax- Reined for three months and was assassinated by the Praetorian Guards when he tried to restore discipline
Emperor Darius Julianus- Ruled for nine months and, he got to the throne by buying it from a Praetorian guard, who killed Perinax. This started a war that lasted for fours years and was then sentenced for execution by his successor
Emperor Pescennius Niger- He tried to claim the throne after the killing of Perinax and the start of Darius Julianus. But he was killed when trying to flee from Antioch by Septimius Severus
Emperor Clodius Albinus- Was a roman usurper and claimed emperor in Britain and Hispania. He came to Rome to claim the throne and met Septimius Severus in battle but was also defeated
Emperor Septimius Severus- He fought both of the generals that wanted to be emperor. Niger and Albinus were defeated by Severus. After he defeated both generals Severus claimed himself as the emperor. Severus was the last emperor and ended the Year of the Five Emperors
' Year of the Six Emperors' 234 A.D-239 A.D
Emperor Maximinus Thrax (Thracian)- Reined from 235 A.D and was killed by his praetorian guard
Emperor Gordian I and Gordian II- The Senate appointed Gordian I and Gordian II worked as co-emperors. They were in a rebellion against emperor Thracian and were defeated by Maximinus Thrax's forces and then later committed suicide
Emperor Pupienus and Balbinus- Were also made co-emperors by the Senate after Gordian I and II were killed. They were killed by Praetorian Guards because they didn't liked to be under the rule of emperors that were appointed by the Senate
Emperor Gordian III- Emperor Gordian III was made an emperor at a very young age. The death of Gordian III is unclear though it is said that he was murdered by Marcus Julius Philippus who wanted to be Gordian's successor
Diocletian 284-305
Diocletian was an emperor that was elected as the Roman Empire began to get out of control. To help, he established income taxes, roads, sewers, bridges and more defenses around the city. He also established a tetrarchy which meant rule by the four. The empire was divided into two parts each with two rulers. He did this to end revolts and because their were too many civil wars and assassinations against leaders and rulers. In the tetrarchy, the top emperor would carry the title of 'Augustus ' and the training emperor would carry the title of 'Caesar'. The emperor would actually adopt an emperor in training ( Caesar) as his son , this would establish a dynasty, this saved the problem of succession so that everybody knew exactly who the next emperor wold be and it would help cease conflict and fighting.
Constantine 306 -377
Constantine came in during the tetrarchy as a caesar and got into a fight with another caesar named Maxentius in the battle of Milirian Bridge and was victorius. He had a vision that told him that if he changed to Christanity he would be victorius. After his victory, he established the Edict of Milan, allows Christianity to be legal. This restored property and citizenship rights to the christians.
Theodocius 379-395
Theodocius outlawed gladiator games as a form of punishment for a criminal, instead, they would be sent to the mines to labor. He declared that there would only be one legal religion which would be Christianity this angered many people because Evan though a lot of people worshipped Christianity, many people still were polytheistic. Now that Christianity was the only religion that was now legal it gave a lot of people the message of you can't do your practice any more.
Seven Reasons for the Fall of Rome
1. People didn't like all of the different religions
2. Citizens had to pay heavy taxes
3. Barbarian tribes came and attacked
4. People didn't want to be soldiers
5. Had to hire soldiers from the barbarian tribes (now had a non- citizen army and the soldiers had no loyalty)
6. The borders of Rome became to big to defend
7. Immigration period was going on and the population grew
Fall of the Roman Empire- September 4th 476 A.D
Augustus Romulus was disposed by the german general Odoacer
27 B.C, Octavian takes the title of Augustus becoming the first emperor of Rome
First Roman Emperor
Caesar Augustus formally known as Octavian 27 B.C-14 A.D
Julius Caesar's adopted son and grand nephew
Accomplishments: 1) He created a network of roads around Rome, this is one of his greatest accomplishments because it helped with their communication with their other provinces in Rome, It improved the trade route making many roman merchants rich. It also moved armies faster around and through out Rome. 2) He took away all of the untrustworthy tax-collectors and appointed new tax-collectors that worked for the government. By doing this, he not only saved the commoners a lot of money from being cheated, he also stopped people from being angry and rebelling against their unfair ways of collecting taxes.
'Julius-Claudian Emperors' 14 B.C -68 A.D
1) Augustus
2) Tibernes
3) Caligula ( also known as Gaius)
4) Claudius
5) Nero
Year of Four Emperors' 68 A.D-69 A.D
Emperor Galba- After Nero died Galba declared himself as emperor of Rome
Emperor Otho- Turned on his friend Nero and killed him, so for a while, Otho was emperor of Rome but he was assassinated
Emperor Vitellius - Almost immediately, after Galba declared himself emperor, a man named Vitellius, a governor of Northern Germany came to Rome Otho was there and fought him but lost so Vitellius became the emperor and was assassinated
Emperor Vespasian- Vespasian was a man from West Asia who appointed by the people, his friends fought Vitellius and he was killed so Vespasian became emperor
'Year of the Five Emperors' 193 A.D-194 A.D
Emperor Perinax- Reined for three months and was assassinated by the Praetorian Guards when he tried to restore discipline
Emperor Darius Julianus- Ruled for nine months and, he got to the throne by buying it from a Praetorian guard, who killed Perinax. This started a war that lasted for fours years and was then sentenced for execution by his successor
Emperor Pescennius Niger- He tried to claim the throne after the killing of Perinax and the start of Darius Julianus. But he was killed when trying to flee from Antioch by Septimius Severus
Emperor Clodius Albinus- Was a roman usurper and claimed emperor in Britain and Hispania. He came to Rome to claim the throne and met Septimius Severus in battle but was also defeated
Emperor Septimius Severus- He fought both of the generals that wanted to be emperor. Niger and Albinus were defeated by Severus. After he defeated both generals Severus claimed himself as the emperor. Severus was the last emperor and ended the Year of the Five Emperors
' Year of the Six Emperors' 234 A.D-239 A.D
Emperor Maximinus Thrax (Thracian)- Reined from 235 A.D and was killed by his praetorian guard
Emperor Gordian I and Gordian II- The Senate appointed Gordian I and Gordian II worked as co-emperors. They were in a rebellion against emperor Thracian and were defeated by Maximinus Thrax's forces and then later committed suicide
Emperor Pupienus and Balbinus- Were also made co-emperors by the Senate after Gordian I and II were killed. They were killed by Praetorian Guards because they didn't liked to be under the rule of emperors that were appointed by the Senate
Emperor Gordian III- Emperor Gordian III was made an emperor at a very young age. The death of Gordian III is unclear though it is said that he was murdered by Marcus Julius Philippus who wanted to be Gordian's successor
Diocletian 284-305
Diocletian was an emperor that was elected as the Roman Empire began to get out of control. To help, he established income taxes, roads, sewers, bridges and more defenses around the city. He also established a tetrarchy which meant rule by the four. The empire was divided into two parts each with two rulers. He did this to end revolts and because their were too many civil wars and assassinations against leaders and rulers. In the tetrarchy, the top emperor would carry the title of 'Augustus ' and the training emperor would carry the title of 'Caesar'. The emperor would actually adopt an emperor in training ( Caesar) as his son , this would establish a dynasty, this saved the problem of succession so that everybody knew exactly who the next emperor wold be and it would help cease conflict and fighting.
Constantine 306 -377
Constantine came in during the tetrarchy as a caesar and got into a fight with another caesar named Maxentius in the battle of Milirian Bridge and was victorius. He had a vision that told him that if he changed to Christanity he would be victorius. After his victory, he established the Edict of Milan, allows Christianity to be legal. This restored property and citizenship rights to the christians.
Theodocius 379-395
Theodocius outlawed gladiator games as a form of punishment for a criminal, instead, they would be sent to the mines to labor. He declared that there would only be one legal religion which would be Christianity this angered many people because Evan though a lot of people worshipped Christianity, many people still were polytheistic. Now that Christianity was the only religion that was now legal it gave a lot of people the message of you can't do your practice any more.
Seven Reasons for the Fall of Rome
1. People didn't like all of the different religions
2. Citizens had to pay heavy taxes
3. Barbarian tribes came and attacked
4. People didn't want to be soldiers
5. Had to hire soldiers from the barbarian tribes (now had a non- citizen army and the soldiers had no loyalty)
6. The borders of Rome became to big to defend
7. Immigration period was going on and the population grew
Fall of the Roman Empire- September 4th 476 A.D
Augustus Romulus was disposed by the german general Odoacer